A review on the methodology for assessing diagnostic tests.
نویسنده
چکیده
Evaluation of diagnostic tests by the following principles are reviewed: error rates, scores based on posterior probabilities, and the excess loss considered in a decision theoretic context. Error rates or the complementary non-error rates, specificity and sensitivity, are simple measures which provide a rough indication of the discriminative value. In clinical practice, where a test serves as a decision support together with other information, conversion of test results to posterior probabilities is recommended. An aggregate score of these probabilities expresses the value of the test. Finally, in simple, well-defined cases--for example, screening situations, where the prevalence of disease and the relative consequences of false-positive and -negative classifications can be estimated--a Bayesian decision analysis is appropriate. The optimal discrimination limit is selected, and the total loss is minimized. The likelihood ratio LR(x) plays a central role in probability calculations and in the decision analysis. An example illustrates application of the procedures.
منابع مشابه
Diagnostic predictors of learning readiness for pre-school children: A meta-analytic review
Background and Objectives: Students with learning difficulties encounter poorer school outcomes and major problems in learning. Researchers investigated the factors in preschool stage that will help to diagnosis learning problems. Methods: A meta-analytic review provides means for assessing which factors show the strongest effects on long-term outcomes. Results: This article presents a ...
متن کاملA review of 17 years of application of partnership care model on the consequences of chronic diseases: Describing and assessing the quality of the methodology of papers
Background: Regarding the widespread prevalence of chronic diseases, nurses need to understand the choices, priorities, and abilities of patients in reality, their communication, and the social context in order to play their professional role and responsibility. This review study was conducted with two purposes: determining the effect of partnership-care-model (PCM) on the outcomes of chronic d...
متن کاملAssessing the Exchange Rate Fluctuation on Tehrans Stock Market Price: A GARCH Application
This paper empirically investigates the exchange rate effects of Iranian Rial against Dollar (Rial vs.US) on stock prices in Iran. The sample period for the study has been taken from March 20, 2004 to March 20, 2010 using daily nominal exchange rate of Rial /us and daily closing values of Tehran Stock Exchange. Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model has been use...
متن کاملdepth-based nonparametric multivariate analysis and its application in review of new treatment methodology on osteoarthrotic
In this article, first, we introduce depth function as a function for center-outward ranking. Then we present and use half space or Tukey depth function as one of the most popular depth functions. In the following, multivariate nonparametric tests for location and scale difference between two population are expressed by ranking and statistics based on depth versus depth plot. Finally, accord...
متن کاملContrastive analysis of diagnostic tests evaluation without gold stand-ard: review article
Considering the advancement of medical sciences, diagnostic tests have been developed to distinguish patients from healthy population. Therefore, Determining and evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy tests is of great importance. The accuracy of a test under evaluation is determined through the amount of agreement between its results with the results of the gold standard, and this test accuracy...
متن کاملذخیره در منابع من
با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید
عنوان ژورنال:
- Clinical chemistry
دوره 34 7 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 1988